China’s industrial sector accounts or more than half of global production of many key bulk materials such as steel, aluminum, and cement, and nearly half of chemicals and paper. To reduce energy emissions in industry two key actions are required at scale. First, a massive increase to clean power is required, 83% of China’s generation capacity will need to be from non-fossil sources by 2060. Second, electricity needs to rise from 25% to 56% of final energy consumption through the electrification of industry’s transport, equipment & processes.
The industrial sector in China accounts for more than half of global production of many key bulk materials such as steel, aluminum and cement, and nearly half of all chemicals and paper. This white paper presents 10 policy options for consideration to scale up clean power deployment in the sector.
World Economic Forum, in collaboration with Accenture I November 2024
China's energy transition journey is marked by innovative solutions to address barriers to (1) transitioning to clean power generation and (2) scaling green power procurement.

Chinse industries are actively investing in onsite renewable energy generation and engaging in onsite PPAs to secure renewable energy directly from these facilities.

Chinese industries are increasingly entering into offsite PPAs and participating in green power trading platforms to access renewable energy without the need for onsite infrastructure, supporting the growth of renewable markets.

Chinese industries are utilizing Energy Attribute Certificates (EACs) to certify their renewable energy usage, supporting renewable energy development in China.
Economic Factors
Cost of Storage: Deploying shared energy storage models could potentially slash costs by up to 20% rendering investments in storage economically competitive compared to grid electricity.
Capital Cost: While the initial capital outlay for clean power generation assets remains high, projections indicate that the lifetime costs of clean power sources will soon surpass those of coal in China, expected to occur from 2025 onwards.
Business Models: Industrial players often face the dilemma of either financing clean power assets independently or relinquishing some control over asset governance and returns. Innovations in business models are crucial to address these concerns.
Resource Considerations
Hydropower: Overuse of hydropower resources in southwest provinces due to high aluminum production.
Space Availability: Limited available space and complex property rights regulations pose bottlenecks in the installation of clean power infrastructure.
Curtailment: Over generation without the required storage has led to high curtailment rates.
Competitive Advantages of Innovation: While clean power tariffs may initially pose cost challenges, the nation's strategic investments in research and development foster technological breakthroughs that drive down costs, enhancing the attractiveness of green power procurement.
Integrated Market Dynamics: Despite initial disconnects between green power trading and carbon markets, efforts to streamline administrative processes and eliminate redundancies showcase China's determination to optimize market structures, minimizing costs and maximizing efficiency.
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