The 5W1H framework, introduced by Matthew Liao et al., provides a structured approach to analyze AI governance proposals through six critical questions: what to regulate, why regulation is necessary, who should regulate, when regulation should happen, where it should occur, and how it should be implemented. The framework assesses the European Union’s comprehensive, risk-based AI Act against the fragmented, sector-specific US regulatory landscape. It serves as a tool for policymakers and stakeholders to improve AI governance in light of rapidly advancing technologies and associated risks.