France enforces strict insurance and liability requirements through its French Space Operations Act (FSOA), enacted in 2008. Under this law, any operator conducting space activities under French jurisdiction—whether launching from French territory or operating a space object—is required to obtain prior authorization and demonstrate adequate insurance coverage or financial guarantees. The law mandates third-party liability insurance to cover potential damages caused by space objects, in line with France’s obligations under the Outer Space Treaty and the Liability Convention.