The United States Government issued Space Policy Directive 7 which established implementation actions and guidance for United States space-based positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) programmes including the need for resilient systems (potentially including back up).

Prerequisites:

• Institutional & political interest and support for utilising PNT technologies for services

• Understand national

policies and identify national policies that utilise PNT data

• Identify and build relationships with stakeholders involved in policy implementation

• Access to PNT data, data processing and analysis capabilities

• Spectrum policy & coordination with telecom regulator; ITU procedures where applicable

Cost:

• Ballpark: USD 50k–250k

• Includes: Legal/policy drafting by consultants or in-house experts, stakeholder consultations (aviation, telecoms, defense, emergency services), legal review and compliance with international standards (ICAO, IMO), drafting regulatory guidelines and publishing policy, awareness workshops and dissemination

Timeframe:

• Overall: 12–24 mo

• Phase: scoping & consultations (3–6 mo), draft policy/legal review (4–8 mo), approval & adoption (5-10 mo)

Pros:

• Improved Resilience - Ensures continuity of service, particularly for critical infrastructure in the nation

• Security and Sovereignty - Reduces dependence on foreign systems and support secure military and emergency operations

Considerations:

• High cost - Development and maintenance of back up systems can be expensive