In the highly competitive solar cell market, Tongwei focused its digital transformation on improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) and quality. The site deployed over 50 4IR use cases, mostly based on AI – machine learning to drive process optimization, genAI-enabled maintenance, and advanced AI algorithms to analyse defects. The transformation improved PCE by 12%, cut defect rates by 41%, reduced conversion costs by 37% and lowered CO₂ emissions by 33%.